Learning Outcomes:
i. Students will understand the critical role of the S-phase within the cell cycle.
ii. They will be able to articulate why DNA replication is fundamental for cell division and the continuation of life.
Summary of Lesson:
The S-phase, or Synthesis phase, of interphase is a pivotal period in the cell cycle, dedicated to duplicating the cell's genetic material. This lesson will explore the S-phase's significance in ensuring that each daughter cell inherits a complete and accurate copy of the genome after cell division.
i. The S-Phase: A Time for Duplication
The S-phase stands as one of the most important phases of the cell cycle. It is the moment when a cell duplicates its DNA, thus ensuring that each new cell will receive the full set of genetic instructions necessary for life.
ii. DNA Replication: Ensuring Genetic Continuity
- During the S-phase, each chromosome's DNA is replicated, resulting in two identical sister chromatids. This replication ensures genetic continuity from one cell generation to the next.
- The cell also has mechanisms to repair any errors that occur during DNA replication, thus preserving the integrity of the genetic code.
List of Important Questions for Self-Study:
i. Why is DNA replication crucial for cell division?
ii. What would happen if DNA replication did not occur during the S-phase?
iii. How does the cell ensure the accuracy of DNA replication?
iv. Why is the S-phase strategically placed between two gap phases in the cell cycle?
v. How do cells regulate the progression of the S-phase?
vi. What are sister chromatids, and why are they important?
vii. How might defects in DNA replication lead to diseases such as cancer?
viii. What role do enzymes play in the process of DNA replication?
ix. How does the cell's DNA replication machinery handle the vast amount of genetic information?
x. Can environmental factors influence the fidelity of DNA replication?
Important Terminologies Used in Lesson:
i. S-Phase: The phase in the cell cycle during which DNA replication occurs.
ii. DNA Replication: The process by which a cell duplicates its DNA prior to cell division.
iii. Sister Chromatids: The two identical copies of DNA making up a duplicated chromosome.
iv. Genome: The complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism.
v. DNA Polymerase: The enzyme that synthesizes new strands of DNA complementary to the original strands.
